A highly magnified image shared to social media authentically showed a puncture hole in someone's skin made by a needle.
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In mid-November 2024, a Reddit user resurfaced a photo (archived) purportedly showing a magnified image of a hole in human skin after it had been punctured by a needle.
That post had amassed more than 55,000 upvotes and 1,500 comments as of this writing.
The picture was previously shared on Reddit in mid-April 2021 (archived), where it was accompanied by the same claim -- that it depicted an intimate look at a puncture hole made by a needle in human skin.
A reverse image search (archived) revealed that the photograph in question was hosted by the Science Photo Library, a London-based database of science and medical images. The SPL website noted that its images are "acquired from scientific and medical experts, acclaimed photographers and renowned institutions."
According to the caption, the image was captured by Anne Weston of the Francis Crick Institute and showed a highly magnified puncture in the skin made by a tattoo needle:
Tattoos become permanent by piercing the top layer of the skin and depositing a small amount of ink within each puncture, according to the Mayo Clinic. That microscopic process was captured and magnified by scanning electron microscopy, a photography process that the National Library of Medicine noted allows for the "topographical visualization of structures."
SEM is more powerful than a traditional microscope because the device scans an electron beam over an item rather than using a combination of light and high-power lenses to amplify a subject. These electron beams interact with a given sample to map out its surface topography. It works in a similar way to some other, larger-scale topographical mapping technologies, such as deep-sea mapping of the seafloor or light detection and ranging (LiDAR) processes on terrestrial landscapes -- but at a much smaller scale.
The SEM picture shows the top layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. Its outermost layer is known as the stratum corneum, Latin for "horny layer." This outer layer provides the first line of defense for the body against the external world and is made up of corneocytes. Corneocytes are made up of keratin filaments, flat cells that organize in a "brick and mortar formation."
(The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum, Latin for "horny layer." Mikael Häggström/Public Domain)
Fischer, Elizabeth R., et al. "Scanning Electron Microscopy." Current Protocols in Microbiology, vol. Chapter 2, May 2012, p. Unit 2B.2. PubMed, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471729259.mc02b02s25.
Murphrey, Morgan B., et al. "Histology, Stratum Corneum." StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, 2024. PubMed, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513299/.
"Thinking of Getting a Tattoo? Know What to Expect." Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/tattoos-and-piercings/art-20045067. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.