New research from Swansea University reveals how personal values, social ties, and the body's ability to regulate stress shape mental wellbeing and psychological distress as people grow older.

Drawing on data from more than 8,000 UK Biobank participants, with an average age of 65, the study highlights practical, evidence-based insights to support mental health in later life.

Led by Dr Darren J. Edwards, PhD student Tom C. Gordon, and Professor Andrew Kemp, the research found:

These findings highlight that mental health is not only about reducing risks, but also about cultivating resources that help people thrive.

The study also reveals how different factors interact in complex ways:

The team used advanced methods like Bayesian and structural equation modelling to uncover these hidden patterns. The analysis was cross-sectional, meaning it identified associations rather than proving cause and effect. Nevertheless, the results point to promising directions for future intervention studies.

Dr Darren J. Edwards, Associate Professor in Public Health and co-author, said:

"Our research reinforces the value of process-based approaches, helping people align behaviour with personal values, connect with others, and manage stress more effectively."

Tom C. Gordon, PhD student and lead author, added:

"Support may work best when it fits the individual. Helping people do more of what matters, build relationships, and regulate stress is more promising than relying on any single tactic."

Professor Andrew Kemp, Research Lead for the School of Psychology and co-author, said: